Accessibility Test Cases

A11Y-NVDA-002

NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation

Generated file current Authoring: Content complete
What file status means

This status reports only whether the generated procedure matches the current controlled source hash. It is not independent content verification, regulatory approval, product evidence or a conformance decision.

Recorded standards review: No optional specialist review recorded. Next review: Not scheduled.

MethodDesktop screen-reader journey
TesterExperienced screen-reader tester
Indicative effort69–100 min small scope

Checks links and navigation using a real, named NVDA with Firefox environment without treating an accessibility-tree simulation as coverage.

Available formats

Use this test in the format you need

The HTML procedure includes the working worksheet. JSON provides the structured source data. Editable Markdown files are delivered inside package downloads.

Purpose

What this test checks

Checks links and navigation using a real, named NVDA with Firefox environment without treating an accessibility-tree simulation as coverage.

What this result means: This procedure records how NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation behaves on windows-nvda-firefox. It can expose evidence relevant to WCAG 2.4.4 and 2.4.5 for the tested task and environment. Use the linked conformance procedures for WCAG 2.4.4 and 2.4.5 to assess the complete requirements across the declared conformance scope.

Why it matters

Checks links and navigation using a real, named NVDA with Firefox environment without treating an accessibility-tree simulation as coverage. People most likely affected: blind people and others who use speech output, screen-reader navigation or a virtual cursor. The named screen-reader environment may hide structure, announce misleading output or prevent task completion. In the recorded windows-nvda-firefox environment, check browse and focus modes, structural navigation, live changes and recovery; misleading speech or cursor position can hide context even when controls remain visually available.

When to use it

Apply NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation when a frozen critical task executed with the named desktop screen reader and browser. The selected focus is Links and navigation.

Confirm before starting

Mark it not applicable only when

Exceptions

This platform, journey, usability or quality procedure creates no additional normative exception. Apply exceptions only in the linked atomic or criterion-level conformance procedure and preserve that separate decision.

Prepare

What you need

  • A licensed or legitimately installed current screen reader is running on the named supported platform.
  • The tester is proficient with the screen reader and its browser interaction modes.
  • Exact OS, browser, screen-reader and synthesizer versions are recorded.
  • The journey uses authorised synthetic or controlled client data.

Targets and required variations

  • The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment.
  • Default, revealed, loading, empty, validation error, interruption, recovery and confirmation where meaningful.
  • Every required environment, viewport, orientation, language and authenticated state recorded in the frozen scope.

Clean state

  • Complete a known-good calibration in the same environment before product testing.
  • Start from a recorded clean or known state and preserve any prior preferences, extensions, cache or profile settings that can affect output.

Effort estimate

Setup
20 min
Per target
25 min
Evidence
12 min
Technical review
12 min

Assumptions: one short journey in one recorded browser and screen-reader pair; mode changes, errors and dynamic states increase execution time

Variation: Add a new per-target execution and evidence allowance for each additional target class or state that could produce a different result. Add setup time for each distinct environment.

Excluded: Client coordination, inaccessible-environment recovery, recruitment, legal review, remediation implementation and waiting time unless the procedure states otherwise.

Execute

Test steps

Follow each action in order. The expected result is always visible; open the guidance when you need setup, tool, evidence, decision or repeat details. Step-level recording is optional while work is in progress and required only to export a completed execution.

Step 1

Prepare the scope, target and environment

Purpose: For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, prepare the named scenario: Prepare the scope, target and environment. Target: The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment. The preparation must establish this result: The selected targets, states, test data, environment and any scope limitations are complete enough for another qualified tester to reproduce the setup.

User impact: The named screen-reader environment may hide structure, announce misleading output or prevent task completion. This scenario isolates that risk in the action named Prepare the scope, target and environment.

Before executing NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, freeze the product version and scope. Inventory each applicable target, select the required starting states, prepare safe test data and record every required environment value. Complete any named known-good calibration before attributing an observation to the product.

Expected result

The selected targets, states, test data, environment and any scope limitations are complete enough for another qualified tester to reproduce the setup.

Failure observation

During NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, the target, starting state, environment or scope record remains ambiguous for the scenario named Prepare the scope, target and environment. The preparation result cannot be demonstrated: The selected targets, states, test data, environment and any scope limitations are complete enough for another qualified tester to reproduce the setup.

Setup, evidence and decision guidance
Target
The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment.
Required state
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, the product version and scope are frozen; every selected target and material starting state is uniquely identified.
Tool or command
Use the scope record and worksheet environment fields for NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation: operating_system, operating_system_version, browser, browser_version, viewport_css_pixels, input_method, assistive_technology, assistive_technology_version.
Record
Scope/version reference; target inventory; starting states; safe-data reference; every required environment value; calibration result or reason it is not required.
Pass
Record passed for the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Prepare the scope, target and environment only when the evidence (Scope/version reference; target inventory; starting states; safe-data reference; every required environment value; calibration result or reason it is not required.) supports: The selected targets, states, test data, environment and any scope limitations are complete enough for another qualified tester to reproduce the setup.
Fail
Record failed when the action is completed and this failure observation is reproduced: During NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, the target, starting state, environment or scope record remains ambiguous for the scenario named Prepare the scope, target and environment. The preparation result cannot be demonstrated: The selected targets, states, test data, environment and any scope limitations are complete enough for another qualified tester to reproduce the setup.
Not applicable
The frozen scope contains no content, control or task relevant to Links and navigation.
Blocked
Record blocked, not passed, when An applicable target, required state, complete process or named real environment was not executed.
Repeat or recover
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, correct the setup gap, preserve the original blocked record and start a new execution observation before proceeding.
Limitations
This scenario records the action named Prepare the scope, target and environment for NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation in windows-nvda-firefox. It does not establish behaviour for another target, state or environment and does not set a WCAG conformance decision.
If you are new to this test
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, do not begin from an undocumented browser tab, document copy, device state, participant plan or evidence set. Record the exact item you will test first.
Record this step

Step 2

Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations

Purpose: For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, execute the named scenario: Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations. Target: The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment. Compare the observation with this result: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.

User impact: The named screen-reader environment may hide structure, announce misleading output or prevent task completion. This scenario isolates that risk in the action named Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations.

Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations.

Expected result

Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.

Failure observation

After the tester completes the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations, the recorded observation for the target is inconsistent with the required result: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.

Setup, evidence and decision guidance
Target
The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment.
Required state
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, begin in the recorded default state for the selected Links and navigation target before this action; preserve the exact content, account, platform and configuration used.
Tool or command
In windows-nvda-firefox, With the screen reader running, use NVDA browse/focus modes, H/Shift+H, D, F, B, T, NVDA+F7 and Tab/Shift+Tab as appropriate; record Speech Viewer output.
Record
Exact announcement or speech-history/caption extract with command, cursor/focus and state.
Pass
Record passed for the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations only when the evidence (Exact announcement or speech-history/caption extract with command, cursor/focus and state.) supports: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.
Fail
Record failed when the action is completed and this failure observation is reproduced: After the tester completes the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations, the recorded observation for the target is inconsistent with the required result: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.
Not applicable
The frozen scope contains no content, control or task relevant to Links and navigation.
Blocked
Record blocked, not passed, when An applicable target, required state, complete process or named real environment was not executed.
Repeat or recover
Repeat the journey without visual assistance, capture exact announcements/focus behaviour and attach evidence that does not expose client secrets. Repeat with linear navigation and the relevant element list or quick-navigation command, then repeat material task states after content or focus changes. Preserve the first NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation observation when repeating.
Limitations
This scenario records the action named Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations for NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation in windows-nvda-firefox. It does not establish behaviour for another target, state or environment and does not set a WCAG conformance decision.
If you are new to this test
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation: Calibrate the screen reader on a known-good page first. Keep the active cursor or mode in the record, because the same key can behave differently in browse and focus modes.
Record this step

Step 3

Repeat material variations and recovery

Purpose: For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, execute the named scenario: Repeat material variations and recovery. Target: The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment. Compare the observation with this result: Every material variation and required recovery path has its own reproducible observation; no unexecuted state is merged into a passing result.

User impact: The named screen-reader environment may hide structure, announce misleading output or prevent task completion. This scenario isolates that risk in the action named Repeat material variations and recovery.

Repeat the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation action for each inventoried variation that can change the outcome. Include relevant default, revealed, error, interruption, recovery and confirmation states and complete the selected process from start to finish where this test can affect task completion.

Expected result

Every material variation and required recovery path has its own reproducible observation; no unexecuted state is merged into a passing result.

Failure observation

After the tester completes the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Repeat material variations and recovery, the recorded observation for the target is inconsistent with the required result: Every material variation and required recovery path has its own reproducible observation; no unexecuted state is merged into a passing result.

Setup, evidence and decision guidance
Target
The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment.
Required state
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation: Default, revealed, loading, empty, validation error, interruption, recovery and confirmation where meaningful. Every required environment, viewport, orientation, language and authenticated state recorded in the frozen scope.
Tool or command
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, use the same recorded method, then change only the state, environment or recovery condition being compared.
Record
Variation identifier; changed state or environment; start and end points; actual observation; recovery result; intervention; evidence reference and target outcome.
Pass
Record passed for the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Repeat material variations and recovery only when the evidence (Variation identifier; changed state or environment; start and end points; actual observation; recovery result; intervention; evidence reference and target outcome.) supports: Every material variation and required recovery path has its own reproducible observation; no unexecuted state is merged into a passing result.
Fail
Record failed when the action is completed and this failure observation is reproduced: After the tester completes the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Repeat material variations and recovery, the recorded observation for the target is inconsistent with the required result: Every material variation and required recovery path has its own reproducible observation; no unexecuted state is merged into a passing result.
Not applicable
The frozen scope contains no content, control or task relevant to Links and navigation.
Blocked
Record blocked, not passed, when An applicable target, required state, complete process or named real environment was not executed.
Repeat or recover
Repeat this action for every required variation of NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation and after a material target, content, state, environment or configuration change. Preserve the original observation.
Limitations
This scenario records the action named Repeat material variations and recovery for NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation in windows-nvda-firefox. It does not establish behaviour for another target, state or environment and does not set a WCAG conformance decision.
If you are new to this test
For NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation, change one material condition at a time where practical. Do not assume that a passing default state covers errors, overlays, orientation changes, interruptions or recovery.
Record this step

Decide

How to decide

Passed

Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.

Failed

An applicable Links and navigation target has a reproducible material barrier against one or more stated expectations; identify the exact expectation, state and evidence.

Not applicable
The frozen scope contains no content, control or task relevant to Links and navigation.
Cannot tell
The target is applicable, but conflicting evidence or unresolved responsibility prevents a defensible expectation decision after recorded comparison.
Not tested
An applicable target, required state, complete process or named real environment was not executed.
Aggregation and reporting boundaries

Aggregation: Preserve every target/environment outcome. Any failed target prevents an overall passed procedure result. cantTell and untested remain unresolved; inapplicable is valid only when the completed inventory contains no applicable target.

WCAG decision: This specialist, platform, document, usability or quality result does not set a WCAG success criterion to satisfied or not_satisfied automatically. Use linked atomic and criterion-level procedures for that separate decision.

Automation: A checker, accessibility-tree inspection, emulator or simulated assistive technology is diagnostic evidence only. Complete every required manual, real-platform, contextual and exception check.

Record

Record the result

Record the target, state and observed behaviour. Add evidence or technical details only when needed.

Choose the option that best matches what happened to this target.

Describe the actual behaviour and why it supports the selected result.

When more than one target is recorded, the overall procedure result is calculated from all target results.

Environment: Not set.
Add evidence or details

Choose only the group needed for this record. These fields remain optional for a working draft.

Evidence references

Enter one file name, issue ID or evidence reference per line. Files stay on your device.

Test environment

Save a named profile once to reuse the same product, platform and environment details on other procedures in this browser.

Engagement and tester identifiers

Assistive-technology execution confirmation

Use these statements only for work actually performed. Simulation or accessibility-tree inspection does not count as real assistive-technology coverage.

Formal completion and limitations

Identify the frozen list or sampling record used to select every target represented by this execution.

Choose a final result before marking the execution complete. Completed records require the full environment, step, evidence and method-specific information.

Data management

Export before clearing if the record must be retained. Apply the engagement retention schedule and delete browser data when it is no longer needed.

Saved drafts stay in this browser and are not uploaded. Do not enter credentials, secrets or unnecessary personal data.

Reference

Supporting information

Standards and requirement mappings
  • W3C-WCAG22 · 2.4.4 secondary · partial

    This Desktop screen-reader journey observes NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation in the recorded windows-nvda-firefox environment. Use the linked WCAG 2.4.4 conformance procedure to evaluate all normative parts of WCAG 2.4.4 across the declared scope.

  • W3C-WCAG22 · 2.4.5 secondary · partial

    This Desktop screen-reader journey observes NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation in the recorded windows-nvda-firefox environment. Use the linked WCAG 2.4.5 conformance procedure to evaluate all normative parts of WCAG 2.4.5 across the declared scope.

  • W3C-ARIA-APG · W3C-ARIA-APG platform · supporting

    This source does not override WCAG or create an additional WCAG conformance requirement.

  • NVACCESS-NVDA-GUIDE · NVACCESS-NVDA-GUIDE platform · supporting

    This source does not override WCAG or create an additional WCAG conformance requirement.

  • W3C-WCAG22-TECHNIQUES · W3C-WCAG22-TECHNIQUES platform · supporting

    This source does not override WCAG or create an additional WCAG conformance requirement.

Supporting and advisory guidance

Supporting sources are identified in the mappings and source register. They do not add conformance requirements.

Evidence specification
  • Environment record

    Operating system, browser, screen reader, synthesiser, settings and clean-state declaration.

    Reference or redact sensitive material. Do not store credentials, secrets, unnecessary personal data or unconsented participant data.

  • Assistive technology output

    Exact announcement or speech-history/caption extract with command, cursor/focus and state.

    Reference or redact sensitive material. Do not store credentials, secrets, unnecessary personal data or unconsented participant data.

  • Journey record

    Success, validation error, interruption, recovery and confirmation results plus every fallback.

    Reference or redact sensitive material. Do not store credentials, secrets, unnecessary personal data or unconsented participant data.

  • Responsibility record

    Product, browser, operating-system, screen-reader and configuration comparisons supporting attribution or cantTell.

    Reference or redact sensitive material. Do not store credentials, secrets, unnecessary personal data or unconsented participant data.

Worked example and outcome calibration

A11Y-NVDA-002-WORKED-001: representative worked example

Context: Representative synthetic example for NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation on a fictional, version-frozen product target; no client or participant execution occurred.

Inspected: The tester follows S2 (Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations) using the target, required state, tool and repeat rule stated in this procedure.

Observed output: After the tester completes the NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation scenario named Review the links list/rotor, distinguish repeated links and navigate forward, back and between major destinations, the recorded observation for the target is inconsistent with the required result: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.

Evidence:

  • example-evidence-001: target and state record for The selected task, content and controls relevant to Links and navigation in the exact recorded desktop environment.
  • example-evidence-002: contemporaneous observation from the named method — Exact announcement or speech-history/caption extract with command, cursor/focus and state.
  • example-evidence-003: comparison note linking the actual observation to the expected result and claim boundary

Tester reasoning: The recorded observation does not demonstrate the expected result: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position. The failed decision is limited to this synthetic target and state; unexecuted coverage is not inferred.

Decision: failed

Finding: A11Y-NVDA-002-example-finding-001 — NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation: expected result is not demonstrated. The represented barrier may affect Blind people and others who use speech output, screen-reader navigation or a virtual cursor.

Remediation: Change the represented target or process so it demonstrates this result: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position. Then rerun the affected step and every dependent variation.

Reviewer feedback: The reviewer confirms applicability, environment, actual-versus-expected comparison, evidence references and bounded wording; unsupported product-wide or conformance language is removed.

Final client wording: Synthetic training finding: the sampled NVDA with Firefox: Links and navigation target does not meet the procedure expectation in the recorded state. User impact and broader scope require evidence from the buyer's real execution.

Retest: Synthetic retest example: after the represented change, repeat the failed step plus material error and recovery states. Close the finding only when new evidence demonstrates the expected result; otherwise retain the non-pass outcome.

Boundary: This is a representative, synthetic worked example for training and calibration. It is not evidence from a client product, participant or real assistive-technology execution.

Outcome calibration

Passed
In windows-nvda-firefox, the selected Links and navigation target completes the recorded action and meets this expectation: Link announcements expose purpose and navigation preserves a predictable cursor/focus position.

The example is a calibration scenario, not an execution or approval.

Failed
An applicable Links and navigation target produces a reproducible barrier during the named action, with the exact state and affected user task recorded.

A failed target remains failed even if another environment or target passes.

Not applicable
The frozen scope contains no content, control or task relevant to Links and navigation.

Inapplicable requires a completed inventory showing that no target matches applicability; a missing environment is not inapplicable.

Cannot tell
The Links and navigation target is applicable, but conflicting product/platform evidence or missing authoritative information prevents a defensible responsibility or expectation decision.

Record the conflict, comparisons attempted and person or evidence needed to resolve it.

Not tested
The Links and navigation target is applicable, but a required state, complete process or real environment was not executed.

Untested remains incomplete and cannot be converted to passed or inapplicable.

Sampling, complete processes and platform limitations

Run each selected critical journey from start to finish, including its main error and recovery paths. Record which journeys and states were included.

If this check is part of a user journey, test the selected journey from start to finish, including relevant errors and recovery. Record any path that was not tested.

  • Only a real execution in the exact recorded screen-reader/browser combination provides coverage. Simulation and accessibility-tree inspection do not.
  • Check relevant browser, tool or assistive-technology release notes before assigning unexpected behaviour to the product.
  • If responsibility is unclear, record the reproducible behaviour and use cannot tell until it is resolved.
Related procedures
  • A11Y-WCAG-030
  • A11Y-WCAG-031
ACT rules and WCAG technique traceability

This is a project-authored manual procedure, not a W3C Approved ACT Rule. An ACT result can support only the part of this procedure covered by that rule. It does not replace the remaining manual or assistive-technology checks.

No supporting W3C Approved ACT Rule is selected for this procedure.

  • Understanding SC 2.4.4. Techniques are examples, not extra requirements. Record any technique or common failure used, but decide the result against the success criterion.
  • Understanding SC 2.4.5. Techniques are examples, not extra requirements. Record any technique or common failure used, but decide the result against the success criterion.
Review history and source register
  1. 2026.08.27-rc.9 — Reworked for plain language, case-focused steps, scoped evidence and transparent draft review status.
  2. 2026.08.27-rc.9 — Migrated to professional catalogue schema v3 with separated outcomes, structured authority, applicability, evidence, decision and review records.
  3. 2026.08.27-rc.9 — Specialist procedure mapped to its task family and current first-party platform guidance and checked for internal consistency; competent review and real execution remain separate.
  4. 2026.08.27-rc.9 — Added explicit preparation and variation/recovery steps plus a bounded representative worked example for paid-template use.
  5. 2026.08.27-rc.9 — Procedure guidance and presentation simplified without changing draft governance status.

Review decision: pending. Open issues: Execute all required real environments and calibration cases.; Complete a distinct competent review and retain any unresolved material finding as blocked or cantTell.

Source historyReport an accuracy issue
WCAG
SC 2.4.4, SC 2.4.5
Execution
Real device and assistive technology
Catalogue version
2026.08.27-rc.9